Case Conversion
Built-In Function %XLATE has been very useful to convert the string from lowercase to uppercase and vice versa.
With the introduction of BIFs %LOWER (Convert to Lowercase) and %UPPER (Convert to Uppercase), this has been made much easier.*
%LOWER (Convert to Lowercase)
%LOWER converts the string passed (first operand) to lowercase. Part of the string can be converted to lower case by specifying optional start position and length operands.
Syntax
%LOWER(string : start_position : length)
%UPPER (Convert to Uppercase)
%UPPER converts the string passed (first operand) to uppercase. Part of the string can be converted to upper case by specifying optional start position and length operands.
Syntax
%UPPER(string : start_position : length)
Let’s have a look at the example to understand these better.
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**Free
Dcl-S MixedCaseString Char(10) Inz(‘UpPeRcaSE’) ;
Dcl-S LowerCaseString Char(10) ;
Dcl-S UpperCaseString Char(10) ;
// Converting the full string to lowercase
LowerCaseString = %Lower(‘LOWERCASE’); //lowercase
Dsply LowerCaseString ;
// Converting the portion of a string to lowercase
LowerCaseString = %Lower(‘LOWERCASE’ : 2); //Lowercase
Dsply LowerCaseString ;
// Converting the portion of a string to lowercase
LowerCaseString = %Lower(‘LOWERCASE’ : 2 : 4); //LowerCASE
Dsply LowerCaseString ;
// Converting the string to uppercase
UpperCaseString = %Upper(MixedCaseString); //UPPERCASE
Dsply UpperCaseString ;
*InLr = *On ;
In the above example,
Line – 8: We are passing the string (in uppercase) to BIF %LOWER without any optional parameters.This would convert the full string to lowercase. Line – 12: We are passing the string (in uppercase) to BIF %LOWER with an optional parameter ‘start position’.This would convert the string from start position till end of the string.Line – 16: We are passing the string (in uppercase) to BIF %LOWER with both the optional parameters ‘start position’ and ‘length’. This would convert the string from start position till the number of characters mentioned in the length parameter. Remaining string would be unchanged. Line – 20: We are passing a variable (with string in both lowercase and uppercase letters) to BIF %UPPER without any optional parameters. This would convert the full string to uppercase. Similar to the BIF %LOWER, Optional parameters can be used with %UPPER to convert part of the string to uppercase.
*These Built-in Functions are only available since IBM i 7.4 TR4 and IBM i 7.3 TR 10.
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